Bodhidharma Crossing the Yangzi on a Reed 達摩渡江圖
Item
Title
Bodhidharma Crossing the Yangzi on a Reed 達摩渡江圖
Description
(none)
Source
https://asia.si.edu/object/F1907.141
Creator
Liang Kai (attributed to) (傳) 梁楷
annotates
Painting Inscription: Donggu Miaoguang 東谷妙光 (?–1253)2
7 columns, standard script. Poem (4x4 + 7).
折一莖葦，航千仞淵，腳頭腳尾，此土西天，浩浩江湖盡浪傳。 萬壽東谷妙光敬贊。
He plucked a single reed stalk
To sail the thousand-fathom deep,
Foot on prow and foot on stern
This land, to the Western Heaven:
Far and wide o‟er river and lake, all a tale on the waves.
Encomium respectfully [written] by Donggu Miaoguang of Wanshou [Temple, Suzhou].3
Signature: 東谷妙光
Date: none
Seals: (2)
Miao[guang]『妙[光]』(circle relief, right half)
Dong[gu]『東[谷]』(square intaglio, right half)
Accompanying documents: (8) – All Japanese, pasted into file folder
1. Anonymous label slip. Red and black ink on paper. 2 columns, running script. [Not transcribed
or translated].
2. Anonymous authentication? – first page only. Ink on folded paper. 9 columns, running-cursive
script. [Not transcribed or translated].
3. Kohitsu Ryōchū 古筆了仲 (1656–1736). Ink on paper. 7 columns, running script. [Not
transcribed or translated].
4. Muro Jōsei 室常清 (17th–18th century)
Ink on folded sheet of paper.
1 column, small standard script, with katakana (written on outside of folded paper; visible
backwards); plus 16 columns, standard script, with some katakana; plus 2 columns,
running and standard script, with hiragana (not transcribed or translated).
室常清ヨリ來
梁楷：五百廿年絕，宋嘉泰年中人，日本土御門建仁ノ比。
凈慈自得慧暉禪師，宋淳熙年中，五百五十年絕。 自得ノ弟子，華
藏明極慧祚禪師。 明極ノ弟子，東谷妙光禪師。 東谷ノ弟子，天
童直翁德舉禪師。 直翁ノ弟子，建長東明慧日禪師，花園延慶二年
來朝，四百廿六年。
xxxxx 東谷禪師五百 xx と xxx
From Muro Jōsei (early 18th century):
Liang Kai lived 520 years ago during the Jiatai reign-period [1201–04] of the Song dynasty,
which corresponds to the Kennin reign-period [1201–03] of Emperor Tsuchimikado [reigned
1198–1210].
․Chan-master Zide Huihui [1097–1183], [abbot] of Jingci Temple [Hangzhou, Zhejiang
Province], lived during the Chunxi reign-period [1174–89] of the Song dynasty, 550 years ago.
․Zide‟s disciple was Chan-master Mingji Huizuo [mid-12th–early 13th century], [abbot] of
Huacang Temple [Changzhou, Jiangsu Province].
․Mingji‟s disciple was Chan-master Donggu Miaoguang [died 1253].
․Donggu‟s disciple was Chan-master Zhiweng Deju [13th century], [abbot] of Tiantong Temple
[Ningbo, Zhejiang Province].
․Zhiweng‟s disciple was Chan-master Dongming Huiri [1272–1340], [abbot] of Kenchō-ji
[Kamakura, Japan], who came to our country in the second year of the Enkyō reign-period
[1309] of Emperor Hanazono [reigned 1308–18].
5. Anonymous transcription of poem and seals of Donggu Miaoguang, with Japanese
grammatical markers and occasional Japanese translation. Ink on one folded sheet of paper. 9
columns, standard script.
6. Gion Yoichi 衹園餘一 (unidentified, 18th century). Ink on four (4) sheets of paper. 29
columns, running-cursive script. [Not transcribed or translated].
7. Gion Yoichi 衹園餘一 (unidentified, 18th century)
Ink on folded sheet of paper.
1 column, small standard script, with katakana; plus 7 columns, large and medium
standard script, with katakana
衹園餘一ヨリ來。
梁楷。《圖繪寶鑑》等書ニ傳記有リ，繪ハ上ノ部ナリ。 宋ノ寧宗ノ嘉泰年中為ル畫院
待詔ト(ヱカキノ官)。
右ハ日本土御門院ノ建治年中ニ當ル，今マテ五百五六十年ニナル。
□□。
From Gion Yoichi [unidentified, 18th century].
Liang Kai. His biography [appears] in the Tuhui baojian [Precious Mirror for Examining
Painting] and other books, which include his paintings in the top category.4 During the Jiatai
reign-period [1201–04] of Emperor Ning of the Song dynasty, he served as an Attendantinwaiting in the [Imperial] Painting Academy, an official rank for painters. [The date given] at
right corresponds to the Kenji period [see below] in the reign of Emperor Tsuchimikado, which
was some 550–60 years before today.
8. Anonymous emendation of previous document (1735) – or same hand as above (?)
Ink on one strip of paper.
3 columns, standard script, with katakana.
建治ハ(九十代)後宇多院ノ年號也。(八十三代)土御門院ノ時代ナラハ建仁タルヘシ。建治元
乙亥ヨリ享保二十乙卯マテ四百六十一年。建仁元辛酉ヨリ享保二十乙卯マテ五百三十
五年。
Kenji was the name of a reign-period [1275–77] under Emperor Go-uda [reigned 1274–87], the
nintieth in succession. If [Liang Kai lived] during the time of Emperor Tsuchimikado [reigned
1198–1210], the eighty-third in succession, then [the reign-period] must be Kennin [1201–03]. It
is the four-hundred and sixty-first year from yihai, the first year of Kenji [1275], to yimao, the
twentieth year of Kyōhō [1735]. It is the five-hundred and thirty-fifth year from xinyou, the first
year of Kennin [1201], to yimao, the twentieth year of Kyōhō [1735].
7 columns, standard script. Poem (4x4 + 7).
折一莖葦，航千仞淵，腳頭腳尾，此土西天，浩浩江湖盡浪傳。 萬壽東谷妙光敬贊。
He plucked a single reed stalk
To sail the thousand-fathom deep,
Foot on prow and foot on stern
This land, to the Western Heaven:
Far and wide o‟er river and lake, all a tale on the waves.
Encomium respectfully [written] by Donggu Miaoguang of Wanshou [Temple, Suzhou].3
Signature: 東谷妙光
Date: none
Seals: (2)
Miao[guang]『妙[光]』(circle relief, right half)
Dong[gu]『東[谷]』(square intaglio, right half)
Accompanying documents: (8) – All Japanese, pasted into file folder
1. Anonymous label slip. Red and black ink on paper. 2 columns, running script. [Not transcribed
or translated].
2. Anonymous authentication? – first page only. Ink on folded paper. 9 columns, running-cursive
script. [Not transcribed or translated].
3. Kohitsu Ryōchū 古筆了仲 (1656–1736). Ink on paper. 7 columns, running script. [Not
transcribed or translated].
4. Muro Jōsei 室常清 (17th–18th century)
Ink on folded sheet of paper.
1 column, small standard script, with katakana (written on outside of folded paper; visible
backwards); plus 16 columns, standard script, with some katakana; plus 2 columns,
running and standard script, with hiragana (not transcribed or translated).
室常清ヨリ來
梁楷：五百廿年絕，宋嘉泰年中人，日本土御門建仁ノ比。
凈慈自得慧暉禪師，宋淳熙年中，五百五十年絕。 自得ノ弟子，華
藏明極慧祚禪師。 明極ノ弟子，東谷妙光禪師。 東谷ノ弟子，天
童直翁德舉禪師。 直翁ノ弟子，建長東明慧日禪師，花園延慶二年
來朝，四百廿六年。
xxxxx 東谷禪師五百 xx と xxx
From Muro Jōsei (early 18th century):
Liang Kai lived 520 years ago during the Jiatai reign-period [1201–04] of the Song dynasty,
which corresponds to the Kennin reign-period [1201–03] of Emperor Tsuchimikado [reigned
1198–1210].
․Chan-master Zide Huihui [1097–1183], [abbot] of Jingci Temple [Hangzhou, Zhejiang
Province], lived during the Chunxi reign-period [1174–89] of the Song dynasty, 550 years ago.
․Zide‟s disciple was Chan-master Mingji Huizuo [mid-12th–early 13th century], [abbot] of
Huacang Temple [Changzhou, Jiangsu Province].
․Mingji‟s disciple was Chan-master Donggu Miaoguang [died 1253].
․Donggu‟s disciple was Chan-master Zhiweng Deju [13th century], [abbot] of Tiantong Temple
[Ningbo, Zhejiang Province].
․Zhiweng‟s disciple was Chan-master Dongming Huiri [1272–1340], [abbot] of Kenchō-ji
[Kamakura, Japan], who came to our country in the second year of the Enkyō reign-period
[1309] of Emperor Hanazono [reigned 1308–18].
5. Anonymous transcription of poem and seals of Donggu Miaoguang, with Japanese
grammatical markers and occasional Japanese translation. Ink on one folded sheet of paper. 9
columns, standard script.
6. Gion Yoichi 衹園餘一 (unidentified, 18th century). Ink on four (4) sheets of paper. 29
columns, running-cursive script. [Not transcribed or translated].
7. Gion Yoichi 衹園餘一 (unidentified, 18th century)
Ink on folded sheet of paper.
1 column, small standard script, with katakana; plus 7 columns, large and medium
standard script, with katakana
衹園餘一ヨリ來。
梁楷。《圖繪寶鑑》等書ニ傳記有リ，繪ハ上ノ部ナリ。 宋ノ寧宗ノ嘉泰年中為ル畫院
待詔ト(ヱカキノ官)。
右ハ日本土御門院ノ建治年中ニ當ル，今マテ五百五六十年ニナル。
□□。
From Gion Yoichi [unidentified, 18th century].
Liang Kai. His biography [appears] in the Tuhui baojian [Precious Mirror for Examining
Painting] and other books, which include his paintings in the top category.4 During the Jiatai
reign-period [1201–04] of Emperor Ning of the Song dynasty, he served as an Attendantinwaiting in the [Imperial] Painting Academy, an official rank for painters. [The date given] at
right corresponds to the Kenji period [see below] in the reign of Emperor Tsuchimikado, which
was some 550–60 years before today.
8. Anonymous emendation of previous document (1735) – or same hand as above (?)
Ink on one strip of paper.
3 columns, standard script, with katakana.
建治ハ(九十代)後宇多院ノ年號也。(八十三代)土御門院ノ時代ナラハ建仁タルヘシ。建治元
乙亥ヨリ享保二十乙卯マテ四百六十一年。建仁元辛酉ヨリ享保二十乙卯マテ五百三十
五年。
Kenji was the name of a reign-period [1275–77] under Emperor Go-uda [reigned 1274–87], the
nintieth in succession. If [Liang Kai lived] during the time of Emperor Tsuchimikado [reigned
1198–1210], the eighty-third in succession, then [the reign-period] must be Kennin [1201–03]. It
is the four-hundred and sixty-first year from yihai, the first year of Kenji [1275], to yimao, the
twentieth year of Kyōhō [1735]. It is the five-hundred and thirty-fifth year from xinyou, the first
year of Kennin [1201], to yimao, the twentieth year of Kyōhō [1735].
Abstract
(none)
Rights Holder
National Museum of Asian Art (Freer Sackler)
Identifier
F1907.141
References
Gookin, Frederick William (1854–1936), comp. The Art Institute of Chicago: Catalogue of a
Loan Exhibition of Ancient Chinese Paintings, Sculptures, and Jade Objects from the Collection
Formed by Charles Lang Freer. November 15 to December 8, 1917. Chicago: Art Institute of
Chicago, 1917. P. 34, no. 55.
Shimada Shūjirō 島田修二郎 (1907–1994). Zaigai hihō 在外秘宝. Tokyo: Gakushū kenkyū sha
学習研究社, 1969. Vol. 2, part 1, plate 69, and part 2, 95.
Ebine Toshirō 海老根聰郎. Mokkei, Gyokkan 牧谿、玉澗 (Muqi, Yujian). In Toda Teisuke 戶
田禎佑, ed.. Suiboku bijutsu taikei 水墨美術大系. Vol. 3. Tokyo: Kodansha, 1975. Pp. 97 (plate
56) and 168–69 (entry).
Tanaka Ichimatsu 田中一松, comp. Kaō, Moku-an, Minchō 可翁、默庵、明兆. In Suiboku
bijutsu taikei 水墨美術大系. Vol. 5. Tokyo: Kodansha, 1974. P. 189 (no. 5)
Loan Exhibition of Ancient Chinese Paintings, Sculptures, and Jade Objects from the Collection
Formed by Charles Lang Freer. November 15 to December 8, 1917. Chicago: Art Institute of
Chicago, 1917. P. 34, no. 55.
Shimada Shūjirō 島田修二郎 (1907–1994). Zaigai hihō 在外秘宝. Tokyo: Gakushū kenkyū sha
学習研究社, 1969. Vol. 2, part 1, plate 69, and part 2, 95.
Ebine Toshirō 海老根聰郎. Mokkei, Gyokkan 牧谿、玉澗 (Muqi, Yujian). In Toda Teisuke 戶
田禎佑, ed.. Suiboku bijutsu taikei 水墨美術大系. Vol. 3. Tokyo: Kodansha, 1975. Pp. 97 (plate
56) and 168–69 (entry).
Tanaka Ichimatsu 田中一松, comp. Kaō, Moku-an, Minchō 可翁、默庵、明兆. In Suiboku
bijutsu taikei 水墨美術大系. Vol. 5. Tokyo: Kodansha, 1974. P. 189 (no. 5)
abstract
Traditionally attributed to Liang Kai 梁楷